ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜–
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de
Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil
Evaluation of Quality Control as a Key Factor in the Performance of Food Entrepreneurs in
Guayaquil
ξ˜΅ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆο‘Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ›ˆξ™ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Ήξ™‘ο‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‚ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜£ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†
RESUMEN
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
de calidad implementados por emprendedores
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ˜¨ξ˜€ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™Ύξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ˜³ξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™Ήξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
normativa de la ξ˜€ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜‘
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
emprendedores no superan el test de control de
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
calidad para potenciar las ventas y el posicionamiento
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘
Palabras clave: Control de calidad; Emprendedores;
ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜‘
ABSTRACT
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜Άξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ˜¨ξ˜€ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™Žξ™‘ξ™’ξ™šξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜‘
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™‹ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜³ξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Žξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™‘ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Žξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜‘
Keywords:ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜žξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒ 
ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜Ίξ˜‘
Derechos de Autor
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™Έξ™„ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒlicencia de
ξ˜¦ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜±ξ™’ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘
Citas
ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜«ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜±ξ˜¨ξ˜¦ξ˜·ξ˜¬ξ˜Ήξ˜¬ξ˜§ξ˜€ξ˜§ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜šξ˜—ξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜’ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ™™ξ˜™ξ™Œξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜™
Artículo Cientíco
ο‘Œξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™‚ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜£ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†
ο‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‚ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™’ξ˜£ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†
ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜—
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
1. INTRODUCCIΓ“N
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ˜¨ξ˜€ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
como motor de desarrollo econΓ³mico y social en Ecuador, impulsando no solo la economΓ­a,
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜ͺξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜Ήξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™„ξ™ξ™΄ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξš³ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™΄ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜²ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜²ξ™•ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜²ξ˜‘ξ˜²ξ˜΅ξ˜ͺξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™“ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜²ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξšΏξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
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ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Ήξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™΄ξšΏξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜˜
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξš³ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξš΄ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
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ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™„ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜œξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜‘
Figura 1. RelaciΓ³n entre el impacto de la calidad en la percepciΓ³n de compra
Fuente: (Suhud, Allan, Rahayu, & Prihandono, 2022)
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
varias maneras; uno de ellos es la calidad del producto o servicio en el cual el control de calidad
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξšΏξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Ύξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜Άξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜™
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜²ξ˜§ξ˜Άξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜†ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜²ξ™•ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘
2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Ήξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™΄ξšΏξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™Ύξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜³ξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Ήξ™Šξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™›ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ™Œξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Ήξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Ύξ˜Άξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™šξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™€ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™©ξšΏξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™œξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜š
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜‘
ξ˜Όξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™šξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜Έξ˜―ξ˜·ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™Έξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
3. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIΓ“N
3.1 Resultados del test del control de calidad
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™°ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘
Figura 2. Resultados del test de control de calidad
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ›€ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™°ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™©ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜›
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™•ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
Figura 3.ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Ύξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜œξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜‘
ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜œ
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Figura 4.ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜€ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
Figura 5.ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜“
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Ήξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘
Figura 6.ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜œξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™…ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™“ξ™’ξ™œξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜‘
ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜”
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Figura 7. Resultados de los Γ­tems pertenecientes a alimentos preparados adecuadamente
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™Šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜šξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™Œξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Ύξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜
ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜•
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
Figura ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„
Fuente: Autores
3.2 AnΓ‘lisis de las interacciones de los Γ­tems
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξšΏξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜₯ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜―ξ˜²ξ˜·ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜šξ˜œξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
Figura 9.ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™™ξ™°ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜₯
Fuente: Autores
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜©ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜©ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜©ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜©ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜©ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜–
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜©ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Ύξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξš’ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξš’ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξš’ξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜’ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘
ξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜¬ξ˜³ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξš’ξ˜¨ξ™›ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ™†ξ˜Œξ˜’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξš’ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜’ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜Όξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜€ξ˜³ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜€ξ˜³ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™΄ξšΏξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™°ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜€ξ˜³ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜΄ξ˜Έξ˜¬ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™°ξ™›ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘
ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜—
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
4. CONCLUSIONES
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™†ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Ήξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Šξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™΄ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™©ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™΄ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™…ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™©ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜‘
REFERENCIAS
ξ˜€ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ de ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™–ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ™Šξ™’ξ™…ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ˜’ξ™šξ™“ξ˜ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜’ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜’
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™šξ™‘ξ™ξ™’ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜’ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜’ξ˜·ξ˜€ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜Άξ˜ξ˜Ήξ˜¬ξ˜ͺξ˜¨ξ˜±ξ˜·ξ˜¨ξ˜Άξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ™“ξ™‡ξ™‰
ξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™΄ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™ξ˜‘ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜’ξ™“ξ™Šξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜’ξšΏξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜’ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜’ξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ™“ξ™‡ξ™‰
ξ˜ͺξ™Ήξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™’ξ™Šξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜Άξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜ξ˜œξ˜šξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜šξ˜šξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜™ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜–
ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜²ξ˜‘ξ˜²ξ˜΅ξ˜ͺξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξš²ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
de ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ™’ξ™…ξ™“ξ˜’ξ™˜ξ™Œξ˜’ξ˜†ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™‡ξ˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ™™ξ˜”ξ˜ξ™ˆξ™–
ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Ήξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™’ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜‰ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ˜¨ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜›ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜Άξ˜±ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜—ξ˜š
ξ˜°ξ™Œξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™•ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™Œξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜Ήξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜Ύξ˜Άξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™šξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜°ξ™Œξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Ίξ™„ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜²ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆ ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘
ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ™†ξ™’ξ™
ξ˜²ξ™•ξ™Šξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜²ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜²ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜ ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™šξ™šξ™šξ˜‘ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜’ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜’ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜’
ξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™‹ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™„ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™œξ™˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜‰ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Ίξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΄ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™“ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studiesξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜
ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ doi:https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0021
ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜˜
Fecha de recepciΓ³n: 09 / 08 / 2024
Fecha de aceptaciΓ³n: 22 / 10 / 2024
Fecha de publicaciΓ³n: 16 / 05 / 2025
EvaluaciΓ³n del Control de Calidad como Factor Clave en el DesempeΓ±o de Emprendedores Alimenticios en Guayaquil.
pp. 383 - 395 / Volumen 6, nΓΊmero 2 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i2.286
Instituto Superior TecnolΓ³gico Universitario RumiΓ±ahui
ξ˜Ήξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™„ξ™ξ™΄ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ˜‘ξ˜ξ˜·ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒRevista Cientíco-AcadΓ©mica Multidisciplinaria.
ξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜Ήξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™…ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Žξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜Ήξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜’ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ™…ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜Ύξ˜Άξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™šξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™΄ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™Έξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™…ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™…ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜’ξ˜¦ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜’ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™›ξ˜‘ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™ξ™