In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
70
In๎›€uencia de la gami๎šฟcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el
sistema educativo del Ecuador
In๎›€uence of gami๎šฟcation in the motivation of environmental education in the educational
system of Ecuador
Derechos de Autor
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
contenidos de la revista
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
bajo una licencia de
Creative Commons
Reconocimiento-
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘
Citas
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™น๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ-
๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘-
tal en el sistema educati-
๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ-
๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜“๎šฑ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜—๎˜–๎˜”๎˜’
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎™™๎˜™๎™Œ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ
Artรญculo Cientรญ๎šฟco
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๏‘Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™’๏‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™น๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๏‘Ž๎˜ƒ
๏‘Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•
๏‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•
๏‘Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†
RESUMEN
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
Palabras clave:๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
ABSTRACT
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘
Keywords:๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
71
1. INTRODUCCIร“N
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
Gami๎šฟcaciรณn
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
72
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
Gami๎šฟcaciรณn en la educaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
Tipos de gami๎šฟcaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜
Pear Deck
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Classcraft
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™น๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
Software de programaciรณn Scratch
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
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๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
Motivaciรณn
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™พ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
Educaciรณn ambiental
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜‘
Educaciรณn Ambiental en Ecuador
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
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๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
2. MATERIALES Y Mร‰TODOS
Tipo de investigaciรณn
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
Enfoque metodolรณgico
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ธ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
Poblaciรณn y Muestra
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™†๎™„๎™ด๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜nto de
๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
75
๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™น๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ N
๎˜ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒZ=๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒp=
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒq=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
e=๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘
Cรกlculo de la Muestra:
Figura 1. ๎˜ฉ๎™น๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„
Nota. Fรณrmula para determinar el tamaรฑo de la muestra. Elaboraciรณn propia.
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜‘
3. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIร“N
Anรกlisis cuantitativo
Tablas de frecuencias con datos no agrupados
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
76
Tabla 1. ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„ Porcentaje ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’ Porcentaje
acumulado
๎˜น๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™ ๎˜š๎˜œ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜› ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜› ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜›
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™• ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜” 32,2 32,2 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™ 500 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
Nota.Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
Tabla 2. ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„ Porcentaje ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’ Porcentaje
acumulado
๎˜น๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ-
do ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜Œ ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜— ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜› ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜› ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜›
๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜Œ ๎˜š ๎˜”๎˜๎˜— ๎˜”๎˜๎˜— ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜•
๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜Œ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜› ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜› ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™ 500 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
77
Tabla 3.๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„
Frecuencia Porcentaje Porcentaje
vรกlido Porcentaje
acumulado
๎˜น๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’
Particular ๎˜š๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™ 30 6,0 6,0 20,0
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™ ๎˜–๎˜— ๎˜™๎˜๎˜› ๎˜™๎˜๎˜› ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜›
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™ 366 ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜• ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜• ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™ 500 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜‘
Tabla 4. ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„ Porcentaje
Porcentaje
๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’
Porcentaje
acumulado
๎˜น๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’ 500 a 600 26 5,2 5,2 5,2
๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜“ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜– 62,6 62,6 ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜›
๎˜š๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜— ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜› ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜› ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜™
๎˜›๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜š ๎˜–๎˜๎˜— ๎˜–๎˜๎˜— ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™ 500 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
Nota๎˜‘๎˜ƒDatos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
78
Tabla 5. ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„ Porcentaje Porcentaje
๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’ Porcentaje
acumulado
๎˜น๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’
๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™• 253 50,6 50,6 50,6
๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜— ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜— ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™ 500 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜‘
Tabla 6. ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šข๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒLas Ciencias Naturales con videojuegos
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„ Porcentaje
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’ ๎˜”๎˜” ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ˆ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’ ๎˜”๎˜— ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’ ๎˜” ๎˜—๎˜ˆ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’ 0๎˜“๎˜ˆ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’ 0๎˜“๎˜ˆ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ 26 ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ˆ
Fuente: Encuesta aplicada a estudiantes del PCEI. Pichincha.
Elaborado por el autor: Caiza Gualotuรฑa Jorge
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Medidas de tendencia central
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ฉ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
79
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘
Tabla 7. ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’
Subnivel
Educativo
Zona de
Plani๎šฟcaciรณn
Educativa
Tipo de
Sostenimiento
Promedio
General del
รrea de CN
Tipo de
Sexo del
Sustentante
N๎˜น๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’ 500 500 500 500 500
Perdidos 0 0 0 0 0
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„ 6,53 ๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜– ๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜œ ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜œ
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„ ๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜“ 3,00 ๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜“ ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜“
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™„ ๎˜”๎˜“ 3๎˜— ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜› ๎˜”
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™„ 3266 ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜™ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜› ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜š
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘
Chi cuadrado
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
80
Tabla 8. ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™
Valor ๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜Œ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜˜a๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜ ,000
๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡ ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜ ,000
๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
lineal
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜– ๎˜” ,000
๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™– 500
๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Hipรณtesis
๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜‘
Tabla 9. ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’
Valor ๎™‡๎™‰ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜Œ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”a3๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜›
๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜” 3 ,536
๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™ ๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ ๎˜” ๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜–
๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™– 500
๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Hipรณtesis
๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Anรกlisis
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
81
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘
Tabla 10. ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™
Valor ๎™‡๎™‰ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜Œ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”a๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“ ,003
๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡ ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“ ๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜•
๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™ ๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜“ ๎˜” ๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”
๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™– 500
๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘
Nota. Datos tomados de las pruebas ineval serestudiantes (2023-2024)
Hipรณtesis
๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Anรกlisis e interpretaciรณn
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Tabla de doble entrada
Variable independiente
Gami๎šฟcaciรณn-Software de programaciรณn
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Variable dependiente
Motivaciรณn en la Educaciรณn
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๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
estudiantes se ubicaron en el nivel
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
82
Variable independiente
Gami๎šฟcaciรณn-Software de programaciรณn
Scratch
Variable dependiente
Motivaciรณn en la Educaciรณn
Ambiental
Interpretaciรณn
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
entorno natural de cada uno de ellos,
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Discusiรณn
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
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๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‹๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
4. CONCLUSIONES
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
REFERENCIAS
๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒMQRInvestigar, 8๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™๎™”๎™•๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎™๎™”๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜›
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒGami๎šฟcaciones en el aprendizaje de Ciencias Naturales [Trabajo de Titulaciรณn
para optar al tรญtulo de Licenciada en Ciencias de la Educaciรณn, profesora de Educaciรณn
Bรกsica].๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜’๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜›๎˜•๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜’
๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ฌ๎˜ฝ๎˜ค๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜ท๎˜ธ๎˜ˆ๎™†๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ค๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ญ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ช๎˜จ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒConciencia digital, 4๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
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๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜•๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’
๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜’๎˜—๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒGami๎šฟcaciรณn en la educaciรณn. Gami๎šฟcaciรณn en las aulas
universitarias.๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™…๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎™๎™›๎˜’๎™š๎™“๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘-
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎˜™๎˜™๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜’๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ˆ๎˜›๎˜”๎™‘๎˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡-
๎™‰๎˜†๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ ๎˜”๎˜”
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒMetodologรญa de la investigaciรณn: las rutas cuantitativa,c-
ualitativa y mixta.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ช๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ซ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎˜”๎™š๎™”๎™—๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜”๎™›๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜š๎˜‘๎™†๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™‡๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎˜™๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎™„๎™‚๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‚๎™๎™„๎™‚๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–-
๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ฅ๎˜–๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ต๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™‚๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‚๎™œ๎™‚๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜ข๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜—๎˜—๎˜›๎˜—๎˜ ๎˜‰๎™•๎™ˆ-
๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜–๎˜ฅ๎˜Ž๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜–๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ท๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฒ๎˜ช๎˜ฌ๎˜ค๎™‚๎˜ง๎˜จ๎™‚๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎™‚๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ-
๎˜น๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ช๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎™‚๎˜ฏ๎˜ค๎˜ถ๎™‚๎˜ต๎˜ธ๎˜ท๎˜ค๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‰๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒMetodologรญa de la investigaciรณn๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ช๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ซ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™š๎™“๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜•๎˜’๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™œ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜™๎™—๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ593
Digital Publisher CEIT , 8๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ข๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎™Š๎™’๎˜ ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜•๎˜–๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“
๎˜ฏ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒPropรณsitos y Representaciones, 8๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘
๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜ข๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‚๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‰๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ ๎˜ถ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Metodologรญa de la Investigaciรณn Social Cuantitativa๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ข๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ-
๎™Š๎™’๎˜ ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜š๎˜”
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒLa gami๎šฟcaciรณn y la motivaciรณn por el aprendizaje de Ciencias Naturales
de los estudiantes de 8vo grado de la Unidad Educativa โ€œProvincia de Chimborazoโ€.
Cantรณn Pallatanga, periodo 2022-2023.๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘
๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜’๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ฉ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ซ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜จ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Polo del Conocimiento, 6๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜–๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜•๎˜š๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Educaciรณn Ambiental Sostenible en los estudiantes de
Bachillerato en la U.E. Carrera Sรกnchez Bruno, 2023 ๎˜พ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™€.๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ณ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜’
๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜’๎˜—๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ธ๎˜ณ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ท๎˜ช๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ El rol de la motivaciรณn durante el desarrollo
de conciencia ambiental frente al cuidado del entorno esoclar. [Tesis para obtener
maestrรญa, Universidad Autรณnoma de Manizales].๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜’๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜’๎˜š๎˜š๎˜“๎˜’๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™‚๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ฅ๎˜–๎™‘๎™‚
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‚๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‚๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‚๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™‚๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‚๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™‚๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™‚๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒMEDWAVE Revista Biomรฉdi-
ca Revisada Por Pares, 1๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™š๎™“๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜’๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜’
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
In๎ฃ›uencia de la gami๎ฃšcaciรณn en la motivaciรณn de la educaciรณn ambiental en el sistema educativo del Ecuador.
pp. 70 - 87 / Volumen 6, nรบmero 3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.37431/conectividad.v6i3.249
Fecha de recepciรณn: 22 / 02 / 2025
Fecha de aceptaciรณn: 14 / 04 / 2025
Fecha de publicaciรณn: 18 / 07 / 2025
Instituto Superior Tecnolรณgico Universitario Rumiรฑahui
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๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒRevista
Cientรญ๎šฟca Arbitrada Multidisciplinaria PENTACIENCIAS, 6๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜—๎˜’๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜›
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒESTADรSTICA. Tablas de frecuencia de datos agrupados y no agrupados.
[Tesis de licenciatura,Universidad Nacional de Educaciรณn Enrique Guzmรกn y Valle].
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎˜’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™†๎™‡๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜”๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜
๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜—๎˜™๎˜๎™…๎™†๎™‰๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎™‡๎˜š๎˜•๎™†๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜˜๎™†๎˜’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—
๎˜ต๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒLa gami๎šฟcaciรณn como estrategia pedagรณgica innovadora para el mejoramiento
del aprendizaje de las Ciencias Naturales en el grado noveno. ๎˜พ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™€.๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎˜’
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎˜’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜’๎˜“๎˜™๎˜™๎˜˜๎™‰๎˜š๎˜“๎™‰๎˜๎˜š๎™„๎™‡๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎™‡๎˜–๎˜๎™„๎˜–๎˜–๎˜—๎˜–๎™†๎˜”๎™‡๎˜›๎™ˆ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—
๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Revista Tecnologรญa,Ciencias y Educaciรณn, 1๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎˜ท๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜•๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒRevista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas, 7๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜”๎˜
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜š๎˜—๎˜š๎˜’๎˜š๎˜–๎˜™
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™†๎™„๎™ด๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ7๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ-
๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜š๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜œ
๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒRevista Cientรญ๎šฟca Multidisciplinaria Arbitrada
YACHASUN, 6๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™Ž๎™‘๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜’๎˜ผ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎˜•๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ